FORMULATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL TEST OF STAR ANISE EXTRACT (ILLICIUM VERUM HOOK.F) AS A HAND SANITIZER

The hand becomes one of the body parts that are easily exposed to microorganisms because of their high mobility. Hand sanitizer is a liquid that can be used to kill microbes. Hands become one of the body parts that are easily exposed to microorganisms because of their high mobility. Hand sanitizer is a liquid that can be used to kill microorganisms. Most hand sanitizers contain alcohol and triclosan, which can be bad for the skin if used in excessive amounts. It is necessary to substitute alcohol and triclosan as an antibacterial, one of which is star anise (Illicium verum Hook.f). Star anise contains flavonoids and tannins, which can function as antibacterial and safe for health. The objective of this study was to make a hand sanitizer formulation from star anise and test its antibacterial strength. The method used was a laboratory experiment with stages; Star anise extraction and antibacterial test. The results of the hand sanitizer formulation of the biggest star anise extract in inhibiting are 10% star anise extract. Inhibitory zone of 10% star anise extract at 6.2 ± 0.76 mm and included in the medium category.


INTRODUCTION
The hand is one of the organs that have high mobility. Hand has a high content of microbes, where per cm2 contains 1000 CFU microbes (Harsa et al., 2016). High mobility or movement causes hands to have exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, which potentially hands become vectors of diseases and infections.
In addition to keeping sanitation, hand washing is the most practical way to prevent infection or the spread of pathogenic microbes. Demands of the times that require practicality then created materials that can inhibit contamination, disease, and spread of microbial pathogens by using a liquid antiseptics (Wijaya, 2013).
The utilization of antiseptics in the form of gel or spray has become a lifestyle.
The use of antiseptic hand gel use in the dosage form is to be dropped into the palm, then spread all the surface of the hand (Sari & Isadiartuti, 2006 Alcohol (Rini & Nugraheni, 2018) and Grace et al. (2015) hand sanitizer with 99% alcohol (Grace et al., 2015) can kill bacteria within seconds after usage.
The chemical compound in hand sanitizer can denature and agglutinate the proteins in microbes. Alcohol as a main ingredient of hand sanitizer has bactericidal. Triclosan has inhibitory trait on bacterial growth, as well as antifungal and antiviral trait, and it is not corrosive (Aminah et al., 2018). The problem in the utilization of hand sanitizer is excessive consumption can cause irritation and a burning sensation on the skin. Also, the strong alcohol scent is less preferred. It is necessary a solution to substitute alcohol with a compound that has an antibacterial trait that has a pleasant aroma and does not cause irritation.
Anise (Illicium verum Hook.f) is a spice used as seasoning and herbs. Anise has a distinctive taste and intense aroma.
In Indonesia, known as anise, fennel China, is used as a spice that has a very similar flavor to fennel, obtained from the star-shaped pericarp (Hilmarni, 2019 With the presence of these compounds, apart from being seasoning, anise also can be used as a mosquito repellent (Eva et al., 2019). Also, it is the potential to be used as a hand sanitizer.
The objectives of this study are to formulate and antibacterial test of anise extract used as a hand sanitizer.

Star Anise Extraction
A total of 20 grams of anise washed and dried for 6 hours in an oven. They were once dried then crushed using a mortar and filtered using 60 mesh sieves.
Sawdust mace then dissolved in alcohol in the ratio 1:5 in the Erlenmeyer, then macerated using a magnetic stirrer and stirred for 24 hours at room temperature.
Once macerated, then filtered and centrifuged at a speed of 40,000 rpm for 10 minutes. The supernatant results of centrifugation then evaporated with a rotary vacuum evaporator with a temperature of 50ºC to stay 1/4 volume.
Anise extract was then concentrated with nitrogen gas.

Formulations Hand Sanitizer
Anise extract was mixed with witch hazel with a concentration of 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% in the test tube. Homogenization was done by vortex for 1 minute. The formulation was then prepared for the antibacterial test.

Anti-Bacterial Test -Well
The media of the antibacterial test used was Nutrient Agar (6.6 g) and was dissolved in 300 ml of distilled water in the Erlenmeyer. The solvent is then sterilized using an autoclave at a temperature of 121ºC for 15 minutes at a pressure of 2 atm. After that, the Agar solvent was then poured into a sterile petri dish and allowed to harden. After hardening, the surface was perforated by sanitary glass pipes, and the surface was smeared with a suspension of bacteria.
The formula of hand sanitizer was inserted into the wellbore as much as 100 µl using a micropipette. Incubation was performed for 48 hours in an incubator at a temperature of 31ºC. The bacterial inhibition zone was calculated based on the width of the diameter. It was used the witch hazel and commercial hand sanitizer as a control.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Anise has bioactive compounds that can be dissolved by using alcohol. The The research results can be seen in Note 10 -20 mm (strong) 5 -10 mm (medium) and a diameter of <5 mm (weak) Davis and Stout (1971) in (Rahmawati & Sudjarwo, 2011

Zone of Hand Sanitizer Inhibition
Witch hazel is one of the cosmetic

Anise Antibacterial
Star anise is widely used in some areas in Indonesia as a condiment for spicy cuisine, for instance, Aceh curry,  (Rizkita, 2017), Tannins also have antibacterial power.
Tannins will react with the microbial cell membrane. Tannins will damage the polypeptides in microbial cell walls so that forming cell walls become less perfect.
The broken cell wall can cause bacteria to be lysed, for their osmotic pressure and can cause death.

CONCLUSION
From this study, it can be concluded that the greatest hand sanitizer formulation of anise extract in inhibiting microorganisms is at a concentration of 10% of anise extract with the addition of witch hazel. Inhibition zone of 10% star anise extract is at 6.2 ± 0.76 mm and falls into the medium category.