ETHNOMEDICINE OF BAJO TRIBE COMMUNITY IN BANGKO VILLAGE, MAGINTI DISTRICT, WEST MUNA, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI

This study aims to reveal the use of marine and coastal plants, and animals as medicine by Bajo Tribe society in Bangko Village, West Muna. The method used was an exploratory survey. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with 20 traditional healers selected by purposive sampling. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The result revealed that there were 39 species of plants and 5 species of animals used as medicine. The most widely used plant families were the Arecaceae and Poaceae, 3 species respectively, while animals from the families of Holothuriidae, Onuphidae, Pinnidae, Syngnathidae, and Tridacnidae, 1 species respectively. The most commonly part of plant used was leaves (50%), while for animal was parts of flesh and whole body were used 40% respectively. The most commonly used preparation and application were boiling and drinking. In conclusion, Bajo people in Bangko Village with their maritime culture use plants and animals in the marine and coastal environment to overcome various diseases and health problems, in addition using “baca-baca” method.


INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is known as a mega diversity country, not only because of its high biodiversity, but also because of its rich cultural diversity. As reported on the web page: www.indonesia.go.id (2020) that Indonesia has 1,340 ethnic groups, one of them is Bajo (Bajau) tribe who are associated with Sulawesi region. Bajo tribe is spread across almost all corners of the country, such as in Riau (known as Duano), North Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, East Nusa Tenggara, Maluku and North Maluku (Rahim, et al., 2018). In Southeast Sulawesi, Bajo ethnic settlements can be found in the Wakatobi Islands (Suryanegara et al., 2015), Muna and Buton Tengah (Nur, 2015), and Tiworo Muna Barat Strait (Sampeali, 2011).
Unlike most of the other tribes who inhabit the land area, Bajo tribe is unique because they inhabit the sea and coastal areas and build a unique culture known as maritime culture. The historical records stated that originally the Bajo people lived on a boat called Soppe, with this boat they always moved (sea nomads) to make a living. However, at present, along with the times and the influence of socio-political factors, many Bajo people live in the shallow sea zone or on the coast (Nur, 2015).
The Bajo tribe is a tribe that has a very strong emotional relationship with marine and coastal ecosystems. This tribe has unique local wisdom in the use of natural resources for medicinal purposes. Bajo tribe's traditional medical practice is specifically organized by an institution known as duata institution. This institution was born from the philosophy of life of the Bajo Tribe, namely "living in harmony with nature". Therefore, the traditional healing procession of Bajo tribe cannot be separated from the sea and coastal resources. The Bajo people believe that every type of marine and coastal ecosystem is guarded by supernatural beings in the form of spirits. They believe that the spirits guarding the marine and coastal ecosystems can cause disease. Therefore, the duata will gather when there is a sick man to recognize the spirit of the ecosystem where the disease came (Obie, 2016).
In the traditional medicine practice of Bajo tribe, besides using the method of "baca-baca" (reciting mantras and prayers to God Almighty), it also utilized marine and coastal organisms to overcome the health problems, prevent and cure the diseases, and improve the quality levels.
health. The plants and animals have long been an inseparable part of the long history and culture of an ethnic group, including in terms of medicine. However, in practice, plants were most widely used given their very large number of species. It is estimated that 9,606 plant species have been used as medicine because they have pharmacological effects (Wiwaha et al., 2012;Aziz et al., 2019).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The research was conducted in

Benefits in Bajo Tribe in Bangko Village
The results revealed that there were 39 types of plants and 5 types of animals that were used as medicine by the Bajo tribe's hattra in Bangko Village (   (Utina & Katili, 2016).  while Areca catechu (pinah) has the potential to overcome parasitic diseases, digestive dysfunction, and anti depressants (Peng et al., 2015). Meanwhile, Nypa fruticans (tutuho) is known to contain phenol and flavonoid compounds which are good as natural antioxidants (Prasad et al., 2013;Lubis et al., 2017).

Bangko Village
The  According to (Fanie & Nuning, 2018), leaf organ is obtained, cleaned and processed easily. In addition, leaf as an organ where photosynthate accumulation is considered to be more effective in treating diseases because they contain many organic substances that have pharmacological effects (Roudatuljannah & Azizah, 2019).
On the other hand, the leaf was considered more profitable ecologically because their extraction did not cause damage to the plant body which can threaten its survival.
Leaves have rapid regeneration when harvested or picked (Namukobe et al., 2011), so they can be used continuously and sustainably.
In animals, the part that was used as a    4).